You’re implementing a client-server application. The client is in JavaScript. It contains a model class, Person. The model is backed by a server-side Person model, and a REST controller at /person. Periodically, the client updates the server’s model, but there can be client-side instances that don’t yet exist on the server, such as when a model is first created and the server hasn’t yet gotten the message.

I’ve written this code a few times now, in JavaScript, and in ActionScript. if If you write it the obvious way, you run into an interesting set of race conditions. Here’s the code, and the race conditions, and some ad-hoc solutions. In the next post, I’ll introduce a metaobject pattern, queue ball, that I’ve used to solve these race conditions in a more principled and re-usable fashion.  read more »

This article is about how to deal with null values. It follows up on this one. It’s intended for code stylists: people who care a lot about the difference between one line of code and two, or keeping control statements and temporary variables to a minimum. (A code stylist is kind of like the dual of a software architect, although one person can be both.) It’s not about code golf — although you might learn some strokes to use on that — but about keeping the structure of your code, even at the expression level, close to the way you think about the problem, if you think like me.  read more »

The novice project manager cares about a program’s size. The experienced manager cares when it gets big.

Big programs are, from a developer’s perspective, slow. Slow not to run, but to develop: effortful to maintain, expensive to change. Half the job of a project manager is to keep programs small by keeping their requirements small (and half the job of an architect is to keep them small when the requirements are large); this is about the case when this isn’t enough.

Developing a program is like pushing a rock around a room. (The rock is called “code base”. The room is an irregular shape called “design space”, with “requirements” marked off along the wall.) Big programs are big, heavy rocks. They require more push, to get less far.  read more »

Don’t worry, this isn’t YAMT (Yet Another Monad Tutorial). This is a practical post about a code smell that afflicts everyday code, and about an idiom that eliminates that smell. It just so happens that this idiom corresponds to one of the uses for monads in Haskell, but that’s just theory behind the practice, and I’ve saved the theory for the end.

This post is about style: implementation choices at the level of the expression and the statement. Style doesn’t matter much in a small program, or a write-only program (one that nobody will read later). It isn’t necessary to make a program run: by definition, it doesn’t make a functional difference. Style makes a difference to how easy or pleasant a program is to read; this can make a difference to whether it gets worked on (by its author, or somebody else) later.  read more »

amichail on reddit asks about understanding monads in one minute. My thoughts ran longer than a comment and more than a minute, so I’ve placed them here.

The main message of this posting is that you already use monads, just without the labels. The complexity in most explanations comes from factoring out the different pieces of what you already know, and from the mathematical exposition in terms of category theory and monad laws. (I like the math, but you won’t find any of it here.) This posting trades away accuracy for ease; I hope it’s a helpful start.  read more »

Computing the length of a Bezier curve is expensive, but the length of a given Bezier doesn’t change over time. In my JavaScript Bezier implementation, I wanted to compute the length only the first time it’s need, and save this result in order to return instantly thereafter.

This is a special case of memoization. There are well-known strategies for implementing memoization. But getLength is a nullary function, and there’s a trick for implementing memoization of nullary methods in a dynamic language such as JavaScript (or Python or Ruby). In these languages, you can memoize a nullary method by adding one line to it, without any support libraries. This line replaces the method by a constant function, that returns the computed value. This memoization strategy is also more efficient than the general-purpose solution that non-nullary methods require.  read more »

Recently I reviewed the programming languages I’ve used over the 28 years¹ of my programming career. The result is shown in the chart below. (Click on the image to see it full size.)

There are some obvious trends here². The languages are mostly getting higher level. There are a few “survivors”: languages that I’ve used over the the course of a decade, although discontiguously: C/C++, Common Lisp, and Java. Java has replaced C (except for a stint around 2000 where I went back to low-level graphics programming at Alphamask), and the scripting languages have taken over from Common Lisp —- they’re slower, but they’re terse, have better libraries, and are easier to deploy.  read more »

One warm Monday morning last August my father died. The previous Wednesday he had been planning to see March of the Penguins, a movie he probably would have discussed with his grandchildren over the phone and video chat. Instead, that night he was taken to the hospital, after falling down his apartment stairs. Early Monday I leaned way over him in the ICU and held him as tightly as I could, and felt on my cheek his last, familiar, breath.

I know it’s callous, but when I hear about a man in his eighties dying, I picture someone whose life is done. It doesn’t evoke in me the automatic sorrow, the rage against mortality, that comes from an encounter with the death of a twenty year old, or a teen, or a child. I’m less than half of eighty now, and yet I’m older than most people have lived to for most of time: older than the life expectancies of many countries; older than my friends when we were young and promising; older than Mozart, older than Keats. Despite the extended American adolescence, by the time a man is thirty he’s had time to make his mark. Anything after that is bonus time.  read more »

A few days ago I argued that even though type declarations aren’t the best possible solution for any particular problem, they can be the right solution for solving several problems at once. I baffled even smart people. If I had longer I’d write a clarification. As it is, I’ll just give an example.

Type Declarations as Documentation

Let’s say that I’m writing a function f() that takes two arguments:  read more »

A vice grip is the wrong tool for every job. —- anonymous

Type declarations aren’t the best tool for any particular purpose, but they’re a passable tool for a lot of different purposes, and therefore they’re often the best tool for meeting several purposes at once. There are better ways to comment a program, to add metadata for tools and libraries, or to verify program correctness; but type declarations, in many languages, are a passable way to do all of these jobs at once.

The situation is similar to that of a convergence device such as a camera phone. The voice quality on my camera phone isn’t that great (the speaker shares a tiny clamshell lid with the camera optics and CCD), and the camera doesn’t take great pictures (the lens is smaller than a halfpenny), but I’d rather carry one substandard device than two separate best-of-breeds —- even if I have to go get my “real” camera when it’s worth taking a good photograph. You can make the same argument for a PDA phone versus a laptop. And I believe the same holds for type declarations, versus all the mechanisms that, considered separately, are superior to them.  read more »